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The skin has three layers. They are epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissues Epidermis The thickness depends on races, gender, age, body part, disease, and life styles . Thin skin is around 0.12-0.17mm. For example, eyelid only has 0.1mm of the thickness. The thick skins like palm and sole are 0.8mm and 1.4mm of the thicknesses. Thin skin All of body skin the thickness is thin, except palm and sole. All of them have hair follicle , sweat gland, and melanophore . Otherwise, the dermis is thicker than thick skin’s . Thick skin It is only in the places that may wear out like palm and sole . They are without hair follicle, and melanophore, but has sweat gland . It has a series of protrusions along the interface between dermis and epidermis and stretch into epidermis obviously. This is papillary layer of dermis composed of dermal ridges and epidermal ridges. That’s the reason we have fingerprints .   ------------------------------------------------------

The skin has three layers. They are epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissues Epidermis l    Bricks and mortar model l    The outer skin with many layers l    95% of the structures are consisted of cells l    Repeat constructive and destructive metabolisms l    Excrete substances from the sweat glands and sebaceous glands Thickness Different positions have different thickness in epidermis. The average thickness is 75~150um . The stratum corneum is around 10-70um and the stratum spinosum is around 40-150um. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- find the specific skincare product ingredients by "skin+" App

The following is comparison of dermatological knowledge Dermatology Cosmetic physician Beauty therapist Infections Preventative antiseptics Hygiene Ichthyosis Xerosis Dry skin Photodermatoses Prevention of photoaging Prevention of sunburn Premature aging Photoaging Wrinkles Pigmentary disorders Melasma, actinic lentigines Desire for bleaching Acne Hyperseborrhea Oily skin Scalp psoriasis Seborrheic dermatitis Dandruff Hyperhidrosis Hyperhidrosis Sweating Rosacea Erythrosis Red skin Adipose tissue diseases Adipose dystrophy Cellulite Alopecia Male-pattern alopecia Hair loss Allergic dermatitis Irritant dermatitis Sensitive skin

The surfaces of our skins will influence the first sight. The surfaces of our skins are composed some features by visual observation. They are cristae cutis, skin ridge, sulci cutis, line, wrinkle, fold, nevus, mole, spot, and pores.   The light will reflect, diffuse and be absorbed through surfaces of skins. The results of light shining are the aspects of beauty. That’s why people apply makeups and cosmetics.  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ find the specific skincare product ingredients by "glamskin" App

Which parts of our body belong to skins? Which parts of our body are the skins? The skins can be defined as four kinds roughly as the following. That's why we may apply many kinds of cosmetic products every day. Mucous membrane The surface of the body has hole. Ex. Eyes, oral cavity, mouth cavity, inside generative organ parts Mucous membrane with skin Connection of the mucous membrane, such as mouth Without hair skin Without hair skin, Ex. Palm & sole With hair skin With hair skin, ex. Head, hand, leg, etc. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- find the specific skincare product ingredients by "glamskin" App

What factors may influence the functions of skin? It may be classified into two kinds.  External Sunshine, temperature, chemical substance, infection, and wound Internal Psychology, heredity, disease, medicine, and infection. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- find the specific skincare product ingredients by glamskin App

What kinds of cosmetics do you apply? We apply cosmetics every day, but we don’t know they are cosmetics. These products contact our skin directly no matter where the positions are. And we can classify cosmetics as the follows. ( FFD & C Act, src.201) Skin care Shaving creams, eye creams, cleansing lotions, exfoliators, moisturizers, facial masks, toner Hair care Lotions, shampoos, growth stimulators, conditioners, hair sprays, anti-dandruff shampoos   Body care Soaps, body washes, shower gels, oils, antiperspirants, deodorant, body lotions Decorative care Blushers, powders, eye shadows, lipsticks, eye and lip liners, mascaras, nails varnishes Perfume   perfume for man and woman Sun care Cream, sun block lotions, sprays, oils, gels Oral care Toothpastes, mouthwashes, flosses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- find the specific skincare product ingredients by "glamskin" A

Functions of skin are a lot. Many cosmetics are for skin care. Skin is the very important organ which covers the human body surface. It is not only the skin out the body, but also include the mouth cavity and the other private skin. Skin dominates 16 % weight of the body. The functions of skin are as the following. Protection: Block the damage such as physical, chemical, biological hurts Sensation React the heat and cold, touch, pain, and so on. Adjust body temperature The body could decrease the temperature by losing water through skin. When water evaporate to air, it also take away the heat. Excretion Medicine, toxic chemical, enzyme and hormone are secreted by the other organ and excrete from skin. The results would be like sweat, urine, loss of hair and ruining nails, etc.   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- find the specific skincare product ingredients by "glamskin" App

ASEAN is an association of southeast Asia nations. The population is many times of US. It will be a large market in the future. In my opinion, the definition of cosmetics is with reference to EU's definition of cosmetics. See the following. A “cosmetic product” shall mean any substance or preparation intended to be placed in contact with the various external parts of the human body (epidermis, hair system, nails, lips and external genital organs) or with the teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity with a view exclusively or mainly to cleaning them, perfuming them, changing their appearance and/ or correcting body ordors and/ or protecting them or keeping them in good condition. (ASEAN cosmetic directive, art.2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- help to find the specific skincare product ingredients by "glamskin" App                                

European is a big market. And there are many famous brands of cosmetics there. Such that the definition of cosmetics is completely different from US. See the following. “Cosmetic product” means any substance or mixture intended to be placed in contact with the external parts of the human body (epidermis, hair system, nails, lips and external genital organs) or with the teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity with a view exclusively or mainly to cleaning them, changing their appearance, protecting them, keeping them in good condition or correcting body odors. (regulation(EX) No. 1223/2009, art.2.1(a)) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- find the specific skincare product ingredients by "glamskin" App

Canada is next to US. Do they have the same definition of cosmetics compared to US? Actually they are different. See the following.  “cosmetic” includes any substance or mixture of substances manufactured, sold or represented for represented for use in cleaning, improving or altering the complexion, skin, hair or teeth, and includes deodorants and perfumes; (food and drugs Act, R.S., C. F-27, s. 2)    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ find the specific skincare product ingredients by "glamskin" App

What kind of cosmetics do you use? Different county usually has different definition of cosmetics. The following is the  definition of cosmetics in US. The term “cosmetic” means (1) articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance, and (2) articles intended for use as a component of any such articles; except that such term shall not include soap (FFD & C Act, src.201) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- find the specific skincare product ingredients by "glamskin" App

What are  cosmeceutical s? Cosmeceuticals = cosmetics + pharmaceutical s The definition of “cosmeceutical” J.Soc, Cosmet. Chem 13: 103-106 l    A cosmeceutical is a scientifically designed product Intended for external application to human body l    A cosmeceutical produces a useful, desired result l    A cosmeceutical has desirable aesthetic properties l    A cosmeceutical meets rigid chemical, physical and medical standards Cosmeceutical products are marketed as cosmetics, but reputedly contain biologically active ingredients. Dermatological research suggests that the bioactive ingredients used in cosmeceuticals have benefits beyond the traditional moisturizer (e.g., Chen et al., 2005;   Zettersten, Ghadially, Feingold, Crumrine, & Elias, 1997 ). However, despite reports of benefits from some cosmeceutical products, there are no requirements to prove that these products live up to their claims. The "cosmeceutical" label applies only to prod