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The additive agent in cosmetic and skin care products Aroma Aroma can be divided into perfume and flavor. However, the cosmetic industry concerns the perfume only. Natural aroma From Animal 1.       Musk 2.       Civet 3.       Castreum 4.       Amergris From plant 1.       Rose absolute 2.       Jasmine absolute 3.       Neroli 4.       Lavender oil 5.       Ylangylang oil 6.       Tuberose oil 7.       Sage oil 8.       Clove oil 9.       Peppermint oil 10.   Geranium oil 11.   Patchouli oil 12.   Sandalwood oil 13.   Cinnamon oil 14.   Coriander oil 15.   Nutmeg oil 16.   Black pepper oil 17.   Lemon oil Synthetic aroma From Coke petroleum Easy to allergy aroma: Cinnamic alcohol, citronella, eugenol, coumarin, jasmine Synergy blend Blend the substance from natural and synthetic aromas together. Color Dyestuffs 1.       Azo dyes 2.       Triphenylmethane dyes 3.       Quinolone dyes 4.  

UVA andUVB Sun protection factor SPF is Sun Protection Factor. The number is determined experimentally indoors by exposing human subjects to a light spectrum meant to mimic noontime sun.   The SPF number only relates to UVB protection.  UVA is measured by the other definition.  UVA protection is not measured through SPF numbers.  PA is the Japanese measurement of sun protection. It is one of protection grade of UVA  . UVA is based on the Persistent Pigment Darkening (PPD) reaction reading at 2-4 hours of sun exposure.  PA is a protective level of strength to mark the three PA+, PA++ and PA+++. SPF(sun protection factor) Standard: ISO 2444: 2010 cosmetic sun protection test method in vivo determination of SPF (sun protection factor) Test by erythema Minimal dose: MED (minimal erythema dose) Process: exposure to the UV (wave length 290-400nm) Test skin type: type I~ III (ITA 0 >28 0 ) Duration: 16-24hrs after exposure UVA-PF (UVA protection factor)

How do the skin resist the sun light? The skin has some tissues to protect the sun light.  And there are some advice for sunburn.  Hair Block and scatter the sun light Membrane It is one kind of lipid covered out of the skin. It helps to reflect and absorb the sun light.  Sweat gland The sweat gland excretes the lipid and wet the skin. Stratum corneum This layer will become thicker with melanin. Epidermal cell DNA will try to recover the oxygen system The three stages of erythema Stage I: The symptom is not visible to the naked eye. But the substances are released by the blood vessel dilatation due to the stimulation.   Stage II: The appearance of skin is turned to red markedly  and feels uncomfortable. Stage III: The desquamations of skin are the damaged cells and they prevent the advanced sunburn. How to prevent sunburn 1.       Block : wear clothes to protect the sun light 2.       Reduce: apply the moisture and sun block lotions 3

Eczema is an inflammatory condition of the skin , the cause of which may be from outside environment, immune system, or a combination of both. Systemic therapy is considered to be effective immediately. The doctors and patients need to concern the potential side effect. Of course, the serious situation and secondary infection are still needed. Calcineurin Antagonists Calcineurin antagonists induce T-cell suppression . It is applied not only in organ transplant, but also in topical use for eczema in skin. T acrolimus is the oral medication of the treatment. Why do you need to suppress T-cell? This is because the body produces white blood cells called lymphocytes (T-cell) to fight infection or foreign substances which have entered the body. The immune system of the body recognizes the new tissue which likes organ transplant or graft as 'foreign' to you. Then the immune system will try to attack it with certain lymphocytes. Tacrolimus works by preventing the producti

The base materials in cosmetic and skin care products are as the following. It dominates over 50%. Hydrophobic   Oil, fat, and wax are the basic material in cosmetic and skin care products. The sources are from plant, animal, mineral, and synthetic products. The vegetable oil     Olive oil     Castor oil     Apricot kernel oil     Almond oil     Avocado oil     Evening primrose oil     Kukui nut oil     Macadamia nut oil     Camellia oil     Wheat germ oil     Hybrid safflower oil     Alfalfa oil     Borage oil     Rosehip oil     Kiwi oil     Sunflower oil     Japan wax     Jojoba oil     Carnauba wax     Candelilla wax The animal oil     Marten oil     Lanolin     Bee wax     Spermaceti     Chinese insect wax The mineral oil     Liquid paraffin/ paraffin oil     Solid paraffin/ paraffin wax     Vaseline/ petrolatum     Ceresin     Microcrystalline wax The synthetic oil     Squalene/ C 30 H 62