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Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products by regulation. Ingredient Potential toxicity Hexachlorophene Neurotoxic effects Ability to penetrate human skin Mercury compounds Accumulation in the body Skin irritation Allergic reactions Neurotoxicity Bithionol Photocontact sensitization Halogenated salicylanilides Photocontact sensitization Chlorofluorocarbon propellants Hazardous to human health Chloroform Plausible carcinogenicity Vinyl chloride Plausible carcinogenicity Zirconium-containing complexes Lung toxicity Methylene chloride Plausible carcinogenicity help to find the specific skincare product ingredients by "skin+" App.

The roles of Vitamin in skin As we know, the chemical changes induced by exposure to sunlight, we should be able to design a cosmeceutical regime to combat photodamage and reverse its effects. Vitamin molecules are the options and have the functions of metabolism, antioxidant and preventing free radical. 1.       Metabolism Vitamin A controls the conversion of pre–matrix metalloproteinases secreted by keratinocytes and fibroblasts into active matrix metalloproteinases, but with a deficiency of vitamin A, UV irradiation stimulates the unimpaired release of metalloproteinases that then destroy collagen and the anchoring fibrils. Without vitamin A, the rete pegs become flattened. Lang erhans cells need vitamin A to function, but if the vitamin A is inactivated by light, then they cannot function properly and recognize cells whose DNA has been damaged. 2.       Antioxidant Deficiencies of vitamin C permit more free radical damage . The main action of vitamin C is as an

AHAs (alpha hydroxy acids) and BHAs (Beta hydroxy acids) The ingredients of AHAs & BHAs and their sources AHAs( water-soluble ) Glycolic acid: sugarcane Latic acid: milk, fruit Malic acid: apple Tartaric acid: grape Hydroxy caprylic acid: hops Citric acid: fruit BHAs ( lipid-soluble ) Salicylic acid: plants AHAs are water-soluble and can only penetrate the outer stratum corneum. The higher concentrations are used to induce an acid peeling effect . They are effective to stimulate keratinocyte growth. For medical treatment, the concentration is higher than 20%, even more than 50%. The main function of AHAs is to modify the barrier function of the skin.  There are the functions of some ingredients.  Glycolic acid can stimulates the production of collagen . Epidermal and dermal remodeling of the extracellular matrix can result from high concentrations. However, l onger treatment intervals may result in collagen deposition . These eff

Daily skin cleaning Skin cleansing with soaps and detergents cause barrier damage in epidermis. The surfactants in modern cleansing products are anionics, nonionics, and  amphoterics. The dermatological effects of surfactants on skin can be attributed to four fundamental mechanisms (1) adsorption to skin surface, (2) removal of skin components, (3) penetration into deeper skin layers, and (4) cytotoxic effects on living cells in the epidermis. They will affect barrier homeostasis of the skin and other physiological factors. Shortly after the application of surfactants, a Stratum corneum swelling occurs. Long-term application of surfactants, dehydration of the Stratum corneum occurs. They are derived lipids into lamellar bilayers are disrupted . The washing procedure is of particular importance for barrier lipids, barrier function, and Stratum corneum water content. Sensitive skin is considered a special condition in which there is reduced tolerance and high incidences of adv