The roles of Vitamin
in skin
As we know, the chemical changes induced by exposure to sunlight, we should be
able to design a cosmeceutical regime to combat photodamage and reverse its effects. Vitamin molecules are the options and have the functions of
metabolism, antioxidant and preventing free radical.
1. Metabolism
Vitamin A controls
the conversion of pre–matrix
metalloproteinases secreted by keratinocytes and
fibroblasts into active matrix
metalloproteinases, but with a deficiency of vitamin A, UV irradiation stimulates the
unimpaired release of metalloproteinases that then destroy collagen and the anchoring fibrils. Without vitamin A, the rete
pegs become flattened. Langerhans cells need vitamin A to function, but if the
vitamin A is inactivated by light, then they cannot function properly and
recognize cells whose DNA has been damaged.
2. Antioxidant
Deficiencies of vitamin C permit more free radical damage.
The main action of
vitamin C is as an important antioxidant. Vitamin C is important for the
reactivation of vitamin E that has been converted into a tocopheryl radical by
quenching a free radical.
Vitamin E (d-tocopherol and derivatives) is probably the major
antioxidant in the skin and is readily depleted after sun exposure.
The normal network antioxidants of the skin are vitamin E, vitamin C,
glutathione, coenzyme Q10, and α-lipoic acid.
3. free radical
These are potentiated by flavonoids and carotenoids .
Beta carotene, the plant form of vitamin A, is a powerful free radical
quencher.
Lutein is another carotenoid that has particular value because it is a
powerful absorber of blue light, which can severely damage cells.
Summary:
Panthenol is a coenzyme in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. It has other soothing effects on skin
and is also a free radical quencher.
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