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Showing posts from July, 2016

80.Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products

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Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products by regulation. Ingredient Potential toxicity Hexachlorophene Neurotoxic effects Ability to penetrate human skin Mercury compounds Accumulation in the body Skin irritation Allergic reactions Neurotoxicity Bithionol Photocontact sensitization Halogenated salicylanilides Photocontact sensitization Chlorofluorocarbon propellants Hazardous to human health Chloroform Plausible carcinogenicity Vinyl chloride Plausible carcinogenicity Zirconium-containing complexes Lung toxicity Methylene chloride Plausible carcinogenicity help to find the specific skincare product ingredients by "skin+" App.
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33-.Why do we get old?(1)

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Why do we get old? Can we live longer? Why do human age? Some elders are still healthy, but some are weak and sick. The scientists do not come to the definitive conclusions yet. There are some aging theories as the following.   The aging theories_part1 Wear and tear The cells wear and tear day and night and cause the function decline of organs like the tire wears. For example, the degenerative arthritis is because of cartilage worn.   Waste accumulation As time goes by, the cells will leave toxins and garbage after sickness in the body. These toxins and garbage will affect the metabolism of the body. For example, the lipofuscin and melisma is.     Immune suppression The young people are seldom sick, but the elders are easy to suffer from illness, even the cancer. Why? The phenomena may be  the immune system declining. Thymus gland is the primary lymph organ in our body and in charge of the function of immune system. When the ...
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32-.The ingredients of cosmetics and skincare products_dermis

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People care about the wrinkles on their face. The reasons that caused wrinkles is aging. So the cosmetic and skin care industry adds the ingredients to simulate the material in the dermis. The ingredients of cosmetics are usually similar to the substances inside the skin due to easy absorption. The following is the ingredients of cosmetics and skin care products. The macromolecule in dermis l    Collagen Collagens in human body exist in many different types. However, collagen in cosmetics should be hydrolyzed collagens for easy abortion in dermis. Only the low molecular weight of macromolecules could go through the gap of barriers and reach dermis.   l    Elastin It is water-soluble substances and full of Lysine. l    Melanine It consists of melanocytes and can prevent the UV. l    Keratin It is similar to the collagen that needs to hydrolyze to low molecular weight. Then it will interact with skin as amino acids...
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31-.The ingredients of cosmetics and skin care products_NMF

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  NMF Natural moisturizing factor Natural moisturizing factor(NMF) is a combination of hydrating molecules.  Natural moisturizing factors (NMF) are the substances excreted from skin cells themselves. It is found in the skin cells of the epidermis.  Natural moisturizing factors (NMF) is very important for the skin. So the cosmetic industry try to add ingredients to simulate the function of natural moisturizing factors (NMF). The ingredients of the natural moisturizing factors adding in cosmetics are as the following. l    Lactic acid      It can help to hydrate. l    Urea      It can help percutaneous absorption. The stratum corneum consists 1.5% of the cells. l    Amino acids l    PCA. Na     The hydration ability is better than glycerin. The stratum corneum consists 3-4% of the cells.  ------------------------------------------------------------------------...
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30-.The ingredient of cosmetic and skin care products_epidermis

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The ingredient of cosmetic and skin care products_epidermis There are many different substances help to maintain the function of epidermis. The ingredients of cosmetics and skin care products add the following ingredients to simulate the function of lipids. The ingredients of cosmetics are usually similar to the substances inside the skin due to easy absorption. They could be three groups. The lipids of epidermis l    Triglycerides and fatty acids It often is adopted as the basic ingredient of cosmetics. It can reduce water loss and improve hydration of stratum corneum. This substance dominates 60% of the lipids. l    Squalene, C 30 H 50 Hydrogenated squalance is safe and stable, such that it is often added in the cosmetics to improve absorption. It dominates 12% of the lipids l    Ceramide Ceramides are necessary for barrier repair and cell regulation in stratum corneum. They are from Keratinocyte divisions. There are many kinds of c...
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29-.How do absorption act in the skin ?

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How do absorption act in the skin ? Ref. B.W. barry, the transdermal route for the delivery of peptides and proteins, plenum press new Yord 1986 We care about the absorption after applying skincare products and cosmetics, especially the cosmeceuticals (cosmetics+pharmaceuticals). We call it “percutaneous absorption”. percutaneous absorption has 3 ways 1.      Go through the hair and sweat pores Most of the medicines and few cosmetics 2.      Through gap of keratinocytes Most of cosmetics 3.      Pass stratum corneum and go to the deeper layers of epidermis Only the small molecular weight of substance could pass, such that most of cosmetics cannot pass. Most of cosmetics take effect through the gap of keratinocytes. The effect depends on ingredients. So adding cyclopentadecanone and cyclopentadecanolide in cosmetics to help penetration is the ways nowadays. Ref. B.W. barry, the transdermal route...
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28-.What do you think the reaction of cosmetics after applying on the skin?

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What do you think about the reaction of cosmetics after applying on the skin? There are two action after applying skincare products and cosmetics. 1.       Absorption After applying skincare products and cosmetics, some substances will go through the stratum corneum and reach the deeper epidemis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. 2.       Adsorption After applying skincare products and cosmetics, the substances will stay at s tratum corneum only. The cosmeceuticals take effect by percutaneous absorption. The main function of skin is to provide barriers to prevent the stimulations from the environments. It also adjusts the water and heat loss of the body. Such that the cosmeceuticals need to go through the stratum corneum. Stratum corneum contains flat and dead cells and lipids. The lipids are ceramide, cholesterol, fatty acid, triglceride, and the other grease.  ------------------------------------------------------...
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27-.wrinkles, fine wrinkle and coarse wrinkle

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There are two kind of wrinkles. They are fine wrinkle and coarse wrinkle . The wrinkles are caused by different reasons.  Fine wrinkle The Keratinocyte reduces the cell divisions, and has longer Keratinization process. The Stratum corneum is dry Coarse wrinkle The change of Elastic fiber, collagen, reticulum fibers in dermis. The skins loose the elasticity.  The following is the structure of dermis. There are some fibers, materials, cells, and organ. When they become old, that will cause wrinkle. Structure of dermis 1.        Fibers Elastic fiber, collagen, reticulum fibers 2.        Basic material Glycoproteins, acid mucopolysaccharides, neutral mucopolysaccharides, etc. 3.        Cell Fibroblast, mast cell, macrophage, etc. 4.       Organ blood capillaries, nerves, glands, and hairs. --------------------------...
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26-.How do the skin age? Intrinsic aging and extrinsic aging

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Intrinsic aging and extrinsic aging Aging can be divided into i ntrinsic aging and extrinsic aging. Many people will concern about their facial skin, especially woman and girls. Many people try to apply cosmetics and skin care products to make their skin younger, even plastic operation. How do the skin age?     Intrinsic aging It means the function of skin ages by their Genetic Inheritance. The functions decay with lack of h ormones. The cells and water decrease and also glands reduce to excrete lipids. The skins will be dry, not elastic, and well looking. Fertilized egg already has cell divisions and has skin from the eighth month. The skin of new born baby is very thin and transparent. The fibers in dermis will grow with better elasticity as they grow to teenager. After 30 years old, the excretion of hormones starts to reduce and cause less cell diversions. The skin is coarse, especially after the climacteric.       Extri...
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25-.What do NMF do?

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NMF ,Natural moisturizing factor Natural moisturizing factor is a combination of hydrating molecules.  Natural moisturizing factors are the substances excreted from skin cells themselves.  It is found in the skin cells of the epidermis.  NMF ( Natural moisturizing factor ) can absorb and adjust water in skin.  If the skin is too dry, the body would work to upregulate its NMF(Natural moisturizing factor) by drawing in more moisture. Most of them exist in stratum corneum and dominate 15-20%. The substances include 40% Free amino acid 12% Sodium 2-pyrrolidone-5carboxylate, PCA.Na 12% Lactate 7% Urea 6% Chloride 5% Na+ 4% K+ 1.5% Mg++ 1.5 Ca++ 1.5% NH 3 ,Uric acid, gluvosamine, cretinine 0.5% phosphate 0.5% citrate 8.5% Unknown subsatnces ----------------------------------------------...
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24-.What is Transepidermal water loss (TEWL)?

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What is Transepidermal water loss (TEWL)?It is the indicator to evaluate your skin hydration. How do you understand the water barrier function of human skin? Try the transepidermal water loss (TEWL)indicator. It is the way to monitor the skin hydration. Water passes from inside a body through the epidermal layer to the surrounding atmosphere via diffusion and evaporation processes.   It (TEWL) would vary with the skin barrier (wounds, scratches, burns, exposure to solvents or surfactants, extreme dryness), the conditions of weather such as humidity, temperature, season, and moisture content of the skin.  The continuous process(TWEL) is difficult to control artificially and it is an indicator of skin conditions about hydration. Transepidermal water loss indicates the condition of skin at the moment. For example, when the climate is dry, TEWL value increase. When we has little water in the skin, TEWL value increases. To sum up, Any thing that assaults or insult...
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23-.The skin Adnexa_gland

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The skin Adnexa Hair Nail Sweat gland Eccrine sweat gland Skin has 250 millions of Eccrine sweat glands and can excrete sweat directly out of skin. The distributions almost are near palms, soles, underarms, and forehead. The excretion will be adjusted by emotion and temperature. The excretion will start at dermis and open at epidermis. Apocrine sweet gland It is larger than eccrine sweat gland and from dermis. It locates at the   underarm , areola   and nipples of the breast,   ear canal, eyelids, wings of the nostril, perianal region, and some parts of the external genitalia. The smell of the odor is the interspecific relationships of microorganisms when sweats excrete to the epidermis. sebaceous gland They locate at the   face   and   scalp, but also on all parts of the   skin   except the   palms  and soles. They will excrete lipids with cell divisions. ---------------------------------------------...
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76.factors for skin damage(1)

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There are many factors that cause skin damage. How does the damage result? They may be from the UV light, pollution , and so on. For example, photoaging and free radical. Then the cells are influenced.   photoaging Sunlight will cause phtoaging. Chronically irradiated skin is metabolically hyperactive, thus giving rise to epidermal hyperplasia and neoplasia , increased production of elastic fibers (solar elastosis), accelerated breakdown and synthesis of collagen , and enhanced inflammatory processes. If DNA damaged and a mutation occurs in the gene, the keratinocytes may lose their ability. Free radical and antioxidants Stratum corneum is frequently and directly exposed not only to UVR but also to other outside forces such as air pollutants, chemical oxidants, smoking, and microorganisms . They are the resources of free radicals . If the protection is insufficient, oxidative damage may occur . Then the chronic accumulation of such deviated cell components may result i...
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75.The relations of UV light and the molecular in the skin

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The relations of UVlight and the molecular in the skin How do light damage skin? Light consists of a spectrum of photons which contain energy that vary according to the wavelength.  The light interacts on the molecular and then changes their chemical structure or on the subatomic level by creating free radicals. Otherwise, not only UV light but also green, blue, and violet light can damage cells. A photon’s energy can be absorbed into the molecule which is then altered. As the absorption of energy, it can also result in electron changes with the generation of free radicals. A free radical is in fact simply an atom with an unpaired electron that starts up a destructive concatenation of chemical reactions. It may end up causing damage in the cell membranes or in the DNA of the cell. The following are the reaction after exposure to UVB, UVA, and blue light. The influence of increased free radical activity DNA strand breaks occur from increased free radical activity....
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80.Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products

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Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products by regulation. Ingredient Potential toxicity Hexachlorophene Neurotoxic effects Ability to penetrate human skin Mercury compounds Accumulation in the body Skin irritation Allergic reactions Neurotoxicity Bithionol Photocontact sensitization Halogenated salicylanilides Photocontact sensitization Chlorofluorocarbon propellants Hazardous to human health Chloroform Plausible carcinogenicity Vinyl chloride Plausible carcinogenicity Zirconium-containing complexes Lung toxicity Methylene chloride Plausible carcinogenicity help to find the specific skincare product ingredients by "skin+" App.
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