80.Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products

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Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products by regulation. Ingredient Potential toxicity Hexachlorophene Neurotoxic effects Ability to penetrate human skin Mercury compounds Accumulation in the body Skin irritation Allergic reactions Neurotoxicity Bithionol Photocontact sensitization Halogenated salicylanilides Photocontact sensitization Chlorofluorocarbon propellants Hazardous to human health Chloroform Plausible carcinogenicity Vinyl chloride Plausible carcinogenicity Zirconium-containing complexes Lung toxicity Methylene chloride Plausible carcinogenicity help to find the specific skincare product ingredients by "skin+" App.
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12-.What is skin? epidermis(4)

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What is skin? epidermis(4)
The skin has three layers. They are epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissues

Epidermis
Stratum corneum
l   Outermost epidermis, it is also called horny layer
l   Full of Corneocyte which is dead keratinocyte
l   Visual barrier for observation

Stratum lucidum
l   Clear layer, 3-5 layer, dead keratinocyte
l   Thickness depends on the speed of cell division. The color is related to melanocyte.
l   Clear lay is more obvious in thick skin. Because it contains a lot of eleidin which is premature keratin.
l   The thickness of Stratum corneum in lips is thinner, and it has a lot of eleidin. So the appearance is red color. 
 
Stratum granulosum/ granular layer
l   It is also called Granular layer which has granular cells and keratohyalin granules
l   It is the transition zone of Stratum corneum and starts to appear lamellar bodies. It also continues to excrete lipid into gap of each cell.

Stratum spinosum/ spinous layer
l   Spinous lay or pricle cell layer due to connection with desmosome.
l   The keratinized tissue is from this layer
Stratum basale/ basal layer
l   Stratum germinativum

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