80.Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products

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Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products by regulation. Ingredient Potential toxicity Hexachlorophene Neurotoxic effects Ability to penetrate human skin Mercury compounds Accumulation in the body Skin irritation Allergic reactions Neurotoxicity Bithionol Photocontact sensitization Halogenated salicylanilides Photocontact sensitization Chlorofluorocarbon propellants Hazardous to human health Chloroform Plausible carcinogenicity Vinyl chloride Plausible carcinogenicity Zirconium-containing complexes Lung toxicity Methylene chloride Plausible carcinogenicity help to find the specific skincare product ingredients by "skin+" App.
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15-.What is the skin(7)? the cells_1

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What is the skin(7)? the cells_1
The skin has three layers. They are epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissues

Epidermis
Stratum corneum/ horny layer
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum/ granular layer
Stratum spinosum/ spinous layer
Stratum basale/ basal layer

The major cells in epidermis
Keratinocyte:
Cormeocyte:
Melanocyte
Langerhans cell
Merkel cell

Melanocyte
l   In stratum basale
l   The cell density is 1000-1500unit/mm2
l   Different body part has different Melanocyte density
l   excrete melanin in Keratinocyte to protect UV ray and reduce the chemical from environment

Langerhans cell
l   in Stratum granulosum
l   cell desnity is 400-1000unit/mm2
l   It is like the white blood cell to prevent infections.
l   It trigger immune system by interacting with antigen and T-cells . 

Merkel cell
l   In Stratum basale
l   Connect the surrounding Keratinocyte
l   Are more in finger, oral cavity, and hair root
l   They are derived from neural crest cells. They also as touch cells

basement membrane
The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous, extracellular matrix of tissue that separates the epithelium, mesothelium and endothelium from underlying connective tissue. (ref. wikipedia )

It is the crucial tissue for the transdermal diffusion effect.

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