80.Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products

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Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products by regulation. Ingredient Potential toxicity Hexachlorophene Neurotoxic effects Ability to penetrate human skin Mercury compounds Accumulation in the body Skin irritation Allergic reactions Neurotoxicity Bithionol Photocontact sensitization Halogenated salicylanilides Photocontact sensitization Chlorofluorocarbon propellants Hazardous to human health Chloroform Plausible carcinogenicity Vinyl chloride Plausible carcinogenicity Zirconium-containing complexes Lung toxicity Methylene chloride Plausible carcinogenicity help to find the specific skincare product ingredients by "skin+" App.
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48.Skin surface properties_elasticity

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There are many methods to detect the skin health, skin surface properties, skin color, skin color type, and hair conditions. They are non-intrusive.

Skin surface properties
Skin surface properties_elasticity

Elasticity of skin
The skin is composed by complex material. Collagen and elastic fibers in dermis provide the elasticity when the skin is under a constant force. 
The measurement is to apply a force to record and analysis the reaction of skin firmness.
The topography of skin
Use optical method to sketch the surface of skin.

surface profile cuts are generated via a plane of light or shadow cutting the surface at an angle. The emerging cutting curve can be observed through a microscope. In the throwing-shadows technique, the length of the shadows caused by slanted lighting characterizes the peak heights of a surface.

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80.Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products

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Image
Restricted ingredients in cosmetic and skin care products by regulation. Ingredient Potential toxicity Hexachlorophene Neurotoxic effects Ability to penetrate human skin Mercury compounds Accumulation in the body Skin irritation Allergic reactions Neurotoxicity Bithionol Photocontact sensitization Halogenated salicylanilides Photocontact sensitization Chlorofluorocarbon propellants Hazardous to human health Chloroform Plausible carcinogenicity Vinyl chloride Plausible carcinogenicity Zirconium-containing complexes Lung toxicity Methylene chloride Plausible carcinogenicity help to find the specific skincare product ingredients by "skin+" App.
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71.UVA and UVB Sun protection factor

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UVA andUVB Sun protection factor SPF is Sun Protection Factor. The number is determined experimentally indoors by exposing human subjects to a light spectrum meant to mimic noontime sun.   The SPF number only relates to UVB protection.  UVA is measured by the other definition.  UVA protection is not measured through SPF numbers.  PA is the Japanese measurement of sun protection. It is one of protection grade of UVA  . UVA is based on the Persistent Pigment Darkening (PPD) reaction reading at 2-4 hours of sun exposure.  PA is a protective level of strength to mark the three PA+, PA++ and PA+++. SPF(sun protection factor) Standard: ISO 2444: 2010 cosmetic sun protection test method in vivo determination of SPF (sun protection factor) Test by erythema Minimal dose: MED (minimal erythema dose) Process: exposure to the UV (wave length 290-400nm) Test skin type: type I~ III (ITA 0 >28 0 ) Duration: 16-24hrs after exposure UVA-PF (UVA protection factor)
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79.The roles of Vitamin in skin

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The roles of Vitamin in skin As we know, the chemical changes induced by exposure to sunlight, we should be able to design a cosmeceutical regime to combat photodamage and reverse its effects. Vitamin molecules are the options and have the functions of metabolism, antioxidant and preventing free radical. 1.       Metabolism Vitamin A controls the conversion of pre–matrix metalloproteinases secreted by keratinocytes and fibroblasts into active matrix metalloproteinases, but with a deficiency of vitamin A, UV irradiation stimulates the unimpaired release of metalloproteinases that then destroy collagen and the anchoring fibrils. Without vitamin A, the rete pegs become flattened. Lang erhans cells need vitamin A to function, but if the vitamin A is inactivated by light, then they cannot function properly and recognize cells whose DNA has been damaged. 2.       Antioxidant Deficiencies of vitamin C permit more free radical damage . The main action of vitamin C is as an
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